Published Applications

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Develop new and custom assays using biotinylated CXCL12 and biotinylated CCL5 chemokines

​Our customers use our biotinylated chemokines to develop new assays and applications to further their research abilities. We are proud to showcase these recent publications utilizing ChemoTactics products.  
Our goal is to help scientists do better research. Collaborations are ongoing for various applications.  Contact Us for more details. ​

CXCL12 suppresses T cell response in carcinoma immunotherapy

Carcinomas assemble a filamentous CXCL12–keratin-19 coating that suppresses T cell–mediated immune attack
Wang, Z. et al. PNAS 2022 Jan 25;119(4):e2119463119
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY
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Biotinylated CXCL12 was used to confirm the formation of CXCL12 heterodimers with KRT19 blocked the effects of T cells in various cancer cells from anti-PD-1 antibody treatment. Cancer cells not forming CXCL12 heterodimers allowed T cell infiltration and reduced the growth of pancreatic, colorectal and breast carcinomas. This study showed that carcinomas assemble CXCL12-KRT19 to evade the immune system.
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The interactions among CXCL12, KRT19, and TGM2. (A) Biotinylated human CXCL8 or CXCL12 was immobilized on SA beads, which were incubated with KRT19. The bead-bound proteins were eluted with SDS and subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting with SA-HRP or anti-KRT19 antibody. (B) SA beads bearing CXCL12–biotin were incubated with increasing concentrations of KRT19. Bound KRT19 was detected by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting with anti-KRT19 antibody, and intensities of the KRT19 bands were measured.

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Creation of CXCL12 coated nanoparticles for drug delivery

CXCL12-PLGA/Pluronic Nanoparticle Internalization Abrogates CXCR4-Mediated Cell Migration
Pisani, A. et al. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 2304. Institute of Italian Technology (IIT), Genova Italy
Using biotinylated CXCL12, researchers were able to make nanoparticles that can target CCR4 without inducing chemotaxis and block migration in THP-1 cells. The nanoparticles were created using PLGA making them biodegradable and safe to use. 

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​(A) Scheme of the synthesis of biotinylated Pluronic F127. Bottom: Over-imposed 1H NMR spectra of Pluronic F127-VS (dashed grey line) and Pluronic F127-BIO (solid black line). (B) Schematic diagram of the microfluidic-assisted nanoprecipitation of PLGA NPs coated with Pluronic F127-BIO (25% w/w of the total amount of surfactant) and streptavidin-mediated decoration with CXCL12. (C) Left: representative cryoEM image of frozen hydrated PLGA NPs (arrowheads). Right: Gaussian curve fitted NP size distribution. ​

​Natural CCR5 antagonist eNAMPT identified in cancer cells

The Cytokine Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT; PBEF; Visfatin) Acts as a Natural Antagonist of C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 5 (CCR5)
​Torretta, S. et al. Cells 2020, 9, 496. University of Piemonte, Italy
To confirm the binding of eNAMPT to CCR5, biotinylated CCL5 was measured with flow cytometry in cells over expressing CCR5.
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Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT) binds to C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) in HeLa cancer cells. (C) Representative FACS analysis and calculated percentage of positive cells of Rantes-PE (16 nM) binding on HeLa-CCR5 cells incubated in the presence or absence of eNAMPT (2.25 M) or maraviroc (10 M). Mean S.E.M. of five separate experiments; *** p < 0.001.

Biotinylated Chemokine Products

Biotin-CXCL12 (SDF-1α)

$134.00 - $9,756.40
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Biotin-CXCL8 (IL-8)

$134.00 - $2,862.80
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Biotin-CCL5 (Rantes)

$134.00 - $2,862.80
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Biotin-CCL2 (MCP-1)

$134.00 - $2,862.80
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Biotin-CCL3 (MIP-1α)

$134.00 - $2,862.80
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Biotin-CCL4 (MIP-1β)

$134.00 - $2,862.80
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Biotin-CCL7 (MCP-3)

$134.00 - $2,862.80
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Publications with our Chemokines

  1. Pisani, A., Donno, R., Valenti, G., Pompa, P. P., Tirelli, N., & Bardi, G. (2022). Chemokine-decorated nanoparticles target specific subpopulations of primary blood mononuclear leukocytes. Nanomaterials, 12(20), 3560. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12203560
  2. Pisani, A.; Donno, R.; Gennari, A.; Cibecchini, G.; Catalano, F.; Marotta, R.; Pompa, P.P.; Tirelli, N.; Bardi, G. CXCL12-PLGA/Pluronic Nanoparticle Internalization Abrogates CXCR4-Mediated Cell Migration. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 2304. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10112304
  3. Wang Z, Moresco P, Yan R, Li J, Gao Y, Biasci D, Yao M, Pearson J, Hechtman JF, Janowitz T, Zaidi R, Weiss MJ, Fearon DT. Carcinomas assemble a filamentous CXCL12-keratin-19 coating that suppresses T cell-mediated immune attack.  PNAS Jan 2022 Vol. 119 No. 4.  https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2119463119
  4. Chatterjee, T., Johnson-Buck, A. Walter, NG. Highly sensitive protein detection by aptamer-based single-molecule kinetic fingerprinting. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. Vol 216 15 Nov 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2022.114639
  5. Zhikai Wang, Ran Yan, Jiayun Li, Ya Gao, Philip Moresco, Min Yao, Jaclyn F. Hechtman, Matthew J. Weiss, Tobias Janowitz, Douglas T. Fearon. Pancreatic cancer cells assemble a CXCL12-keratin 19 coating to resist immunotherapy. bioRxiv 776419; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/776419. Posted: September 4, 2020
  6. Torretta S., Colombo G., Travelli C, Boumya S., Lim D., Genazzani A., Brolla A. The Cytokine Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT; PBEF; Visfatin) Acts as a Natural Antagonist of C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 5 (CCR5). Cells 2020 Feb; 9(2):496. doi 10.3390/cells9020496 PMID: 32098202
  7. Wu, B., Chien, E.Y., Mol, C.D., Fenalti, G., Liu, W., Katritch, V., Abagyan, R., Brooun, A., Wells, P., Bi, F.C., Hamel, D.J., Kuhn, P., Handel, T.M., Cherezov, V., Stevens, R.C. Structures of the CXCR4 chemokine GPCR with small-molecule and cyclic peptide antagonists.  Science, 2010. 330: 1066-1071. PMID: 20929726
  8. Ervin E. Kara, Iain Comerford, Cameron R. Bastow, Kevin A. Fenix, Wendel Litchfield, Tracey M. Handel, and Shaun R. McColl.  Distinct chemokine receptor axes regulate T helper 9 cell trafficking to allergic and autoimmune inflammatory sites. J Immunol., 191:1110-1117, 2013. PMID: 23797668
  9. M. O'Hayre, C.L. Salanga, T.J. Kipps, D. Messmer, P.C. Dorrestein, T.M. Handel (2010) Elucidating the CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling Network in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia through Phosphoproteomic Analysis. PLoS One. 5:e11716. PMID: 20661426
  10. T.M. Handel, Z. Johnson, M. Mack, R. Cirillo, V. Muzio, M. Teixiera, M. Déruaz, F. Borlat, T.N.C. Wells, and A.E.I. Proudfoot (2008). An Engineered Monomer of CCL2 has Anti-inflammatory Properties Emphasizing the Importance of Oligomerization for Chemokine Activity In Vivo. J Leukocyte Biology. 84(4):1101-8. PMID: 18662971​
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